Question 21 FCP01 - First Class Pilot

The Correct Answer is C ### **Explanation for Option C (Correct Answer)** Option C ("not result in another close-quarters situation") is a direct restatement of a fundamental requirement in the steering and sailing rules for both International (COLREGS) and Inland waters. Rule 8(d)(ii) (Action to Avoid Collision) states that any action taken to avoid collision must be “of sufficient magnitude to be readily apparent to the other vessel” and that movement should be made “so as not to result in another close-quarters situation.” This rule emphasizes that the primary goal of collision avoidance action is not just to clear the immediate threat, but to establish a safe passing distance that does not immediately introduce a new risk. *** ### **Explanation of Incorrect Options** **A) include a speed change** This is incorrect. While altering speed (Rule 8(b)) is an effective action to avoid collision, it is not mandatory for *every* situation. A successful avoidance action can often be achieved solely by a substantial course change (Rule 8(c)), particularly when there is ample sea room, or a combination of both. The action simply must be “positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of the good seamanship.” **B) be accompanied by sound signals** This is incorrect. Sound signals (Rule 34) are mandatory only when a specific maneuver is being executed (e.g., altering course, maneuvering astern, or overtaking in a narrow channel as defined by specific rules). If a vessel takes avoidance action by turning well clear without crossing ahead or taking risk of collision, sound signals are generally not required, although they can be helpful to confirm intent. The requirement to avoid collision (Rule 8) does not intrinsically mandate a sound signal for *any* action taken. **D) All of the above** Since options A and B are incorrect, this option must also be incorrect.