Question 11 RVR05 - Master of LT 100 GRT

The Correct Answer is A **Explanation for Option A (Two power-driven vessels meeting head-on):** Option A describes a meeting situation governed by Rule 14 (Head-on situation) of both the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) and the Inland Rules. Rule 14(a) states: "When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each may pass on the port side of the other." The use of the word "each" explicitly requires **both vessels** (the two power-driven vessels) to change course simultaneously to starboard. **Why Option B is incorrect:** Option B ("Two power-driven vessels crossing when it is apparent to the stand-on vessel that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action") describes a crossing situation where the stand-on vessel is exercising its duty under Rule 17(b) (Action by stand-on vessel). Rule 17(a)(i) requires the stand-on vessel to maintain course and speed. Rule 17(b) allows the stand-on vessel to take action (change course) when it becomes apparent the give-way vessel is not acting. However, the requirement is that the **give-way vessel** must take action (Rule 15) and the **stand-on vessel** *may* take action (Rule 17(b)). The Rules do not require both vessels to act simultaneously in this specific scenario; they require the give-way vessel to act, and the stand-on vessel only acts if the give-way vessel fails to do so effectively. **Why Option C is incorrect:** Option C ("Two sailing vessels crossing with the wind on the same side") is governed by Rule 12 (Sailing Vessels). Rule 12(a)(ii) states that when two sailing vessels have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward. Therefore, only the vessel to windward (the give-way vessel) is required to change course; the vessel to leeward (the stand-on vessel) is required to maintain course and speed (Rule 17(a)(i)). Only one vessel is required to change course. **Why Option D is incorrect:** Since options B and C do not require both vessels to change course, "All of the above" is incorrect.