Question 3 RVR02 - Master of LT 500-1600 GRT

The Correct Answer is B **Explanation for Option B (it is a large course change) being correct:** This question references Rule 8 (Action to Avoid Collision) of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), which is applicable to both international and inland waters (often incorporated or mirrored). Specifically, Rule 8(b) states: "Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be **large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar**; a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided." A course change alone can be effective, but only if it is unambiguous. A **large course change** is the most effective action because it clearly communicates the maneuver to the other vessel, allowing them to confirm that action has been taken and understand the new relative situation, thereby preventing ambiguity and potential confusion. **Explanation of why other options are incorrect:** * **A) the course change is to starboard:** While altering course to starboard is required in specific meeting and crossing situations (Rules 14 and 15), Rule 8 governs the effectiveness of *any* action taken to avoid collision. A large port turn in an overtaking situation, for example, could also be highly effective, provided it is large and safe. Therefore, the direction alone does not define the effectiveness of the action. * **C) it is done in a succession of small course changes:** This is explicitly contradicted by Rule 8(b), which states that "a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed **should be avoided**." Small alterations are dangerous because they are difficult to detect visually or on radar, creating uncertainty for the other vessel regarding whether action has actually been taken. * **D) it is NOT done too early:** Rule 8(a) states that any action taken should be "positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of the good seamanship." While acting too late is dangerous, acting "too early" is not generally penalized; in fact, acting early (in ample time) is preferred. The key factor for effectiveness is the size of the maneuver, not the timing relative to the collision point (provided it is not too late).