Question 47 RVR01 - Master of Unlimited Tonnage

The Correct Answer is D **Explanation for D (a risk of collision exists):** This scenario describes the core concept of Rule 7 (Risk of Collision) of both the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) and the Inland Rules. The key determinant for risk of collision is the **Constant Bearing, Decreasing Range (CBDR)** principle. If the compass bearing (the direction to the other vessel) remains constant while the distance between the vessels is closing (as indicated by the vessel approaching), a risk of collision is deemed to exist. Mariners must take action to avoid collision immediately upon determining that such a risk exists (Rule 8). **Explanation for why other options are incorrect:** A) **a special circumstances situation exists:** "Special circumstances" usually refers to situations not explicitly covered by the steering and sailing rules, or conditions that require departure from the rules to avoid immediate danger (Rule 2: Responsibility). While a close-quarters situation may require unusual maneuvers, the initial indication of constant bearing and decreasing range simply signals that the normal operational rules for avoiding collision must now be applied, not necessarily that the rules themselves are inadequate or superseded by a "special circumstance." B) **you are the stand-on vessel:** Determining stand-on/give-way status (Rules 12-19) requires knowing the relative positions and types of vessels involved (e.g., crossing, overtaking, head-on). The constant bearing only confirms that a risk of collision exists, making it necessary to apply the appropriate rule, but it does not inherently define *which* vessel is the stand-on vessel. Both vessels have an immediate responsibility upon determining a risk of collision. C) **the other vessel is dead in the water:** If the vessel is approaching, its range is decreasing, meaning it is making way toward you. If it were truly dead in the water, the bearing would only remain constant if your vessel was moving directly toward it. However, the scenario describes the vessel *approaching*, meaning relative motion is occurring. Furthermore, whether the vessel is dead in the water or making speed is irrelevant to the determination of collision risk based on the CBDR principle.