Question 57 OSV02 - Mate - Offshore Supply Vessels

The Correct Answer is D **Why "A mixture of mud and clay" (D) is correct:** A bottom composed of a mixture of mud and clay, sometimes described as firm mud or hard mud, offers the most favorable conditions for anchoring. This type of bottom is dense enough to allow the anchor (flukes) to dig in deeply and establish a strong hold. The clay component provides cohesion and grip, preventing the anchor from being easily dragged or pulled out, while the mud offers enough relative softness for the anchor to penetrate efficiently. This combination results in maximum holding power and security for the vessel. **Why the other options are incorrect:** * **A) Loose sand bottoms:** While better than very soft mud, loose sand offers less holding power than firm mud and clay. The anchor can easily drag or be pulled through loose sand, especially in strong winds or currents, as the sand particles offer minimal resistance and cohesion. * **B) Very soft mud:** Very soft or "soupy" mud provides very poor holding ground. The anchor often sinks deep into the mud without developing sufficient horizontal resistance (holding power). It may hold momentarily, but any significant force can cause the anchor to pull straight out without ever setting properly, offering little security. * **C) Rocky with vegetation:** Rocky bottoms are highly unpredictable and generally unfavorable. The anchor can get permanently snagged or fouled (making retrieval difficult or impossible), or it might simply rest on top of the rocks without setting, offering no meaningful hold. Vegetation, such as thick kelp or eelgrass, also prevents the anchor from digging into the seabed properly, reducing holding power significantly.