Question 21 ONC05 - Master or Mate of LT 200 GRT

The Correct Answer is C ### **Explanation for Option C (Correct Answer)** Option C, "not result in another close-quarters situation," is drawn directly from the Steering and Sailing Rules (specifically Rule 8(d)). This rule outlines the requirements for effective action taken to avoid collision. Rule 8(d) states: > "Action taken to avoid collision shall be positive, shall be made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship, and, if necessary, shall involve an alteration in course and/or speed. Action shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance and **shall not result in a subsequent close-quarters situation**." This requirement is a fundamental principle of collision avoidance, ensuring that the initial maneuvering does not immediately create a new, equally dangerous situation. ### **Explanation for Incorrect Options** **A) include a speed change** This is incorrect because altering course is often the primary and most effective action, particularly if there is sufficient sea room. Rule 8(d) states that action "shall involve an alteration in course **and/or** speed." The rule permits changing course *or* changing speed, or both, but does not mandate a speed change in every single situation. **B) be accompanied by sound signals** This is incorrect. Sound signals (short blasts indicating maneuver) are required only when the vessel is maneuvering *in sight of another* and that maneuver involves altering course to starboard (one short blast), altering course to port (two short blasts), or operating astern propulsion (three short blasts). If the action taken is simply a moderate speed reduction or maintaining course while allowing the other vessel to pass, sound signals are not typically required unless there is doubt about the other vessel's intentions (Rule 34 and Rule 35). Therefore, a maneuver taken to avoid collision does not *always* need to be accompanied by a sound signal. **D) All of the above** Since options A and B are incorrect, this blanket statement is also incorrect.