Question 8 MODU01 - Offshore Installation Manager

The Correct Answer is A **Explanation for Option A (Two power-driven vessels meeting head-on):** Option A is correct according to Rule 14 (Head-on Situation) of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) and the Inland Rules. When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision, **each vessel shall alter her course to starboard** so that each may pass on the port side of the other. Because both vessels are required by the Rules to take action simultaneously, this is a situation where the Rules require both vessels to change course. **Why other options are incorrect:** * **B) Two power-driven vessels crossing when it is apparent to the stand-on vessel that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action:** This describes the situation where Rule 17(b) (Action by Stand-on Vessel) applies. Initially, in a crossing situation (Rule 15), the Rules designate one vessel as the give-way vessel (required to keep clear) and the other as the stand-on vessel (required to maintain course and speed). The stand-on vessel is only permitted or required to take action *after* it becomes apparent that the give-way vessel is failing to act. Although both vessels may eventually change course, the Rules **do not initially require both vessels to change course**; the primary requirement for action rests solely with the give-way vessel until the moment of extremis. * **C) Two sailing vessels crossing with the wind on the same side:** This situation is governed by Rule 12(a)(i). When two sailing vessels have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward (the one closer to the direction the wind is blowing from) shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward. Only one vessel (the one to windward) is designated as the give-way vessel and is required to change course. The vessel to leeward is the stand-on vessel and is required to maintain course and speed. * **D) All of the above:** This is incorrect because options B and C do not initially require both vessels to change course under the Rules; they establish a stand-on/give-way relationship where only one vessel is initially required to take action.