Question 23 MODU01 - Offshore Installation Manager

The Correct Answer is D **Why Option D is correct:** The correct answer (D) directly reflects the fundamental rule established in both the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) and the corresponding Inland Rules (specifically Rule 7 – Risk of Collision). Rule 7(d)(i) states that risk shall be deemed to exist "if the bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change." A constant or nearly constant bearing, regardless of the relative speed, indicates that the two vessels are on a collision course if they maintain course and speed. **Why the other options are incorrect:** * **A) whenever a vessel crosses ahead of the intended track of another vessel:** While crossing situations are dangerous and require action, the simple act of crossing ahead of an *intended* track does not automatically establish that a risk of collision (as defined by Rule 7) exists. The risk is determined by relative position, speed, and bearing change, not merely the projected path crossing. * **B) if one vessel approaches another so as to be overtaking:** Overtaking situations are defined by COLREGs (Rule 13) and mandate that the overtaking vessel keep clear. However, Rule 7 explicitly states that risk of collision "shall be deemed to exist" based on the bearing rule (D), not solely on being in an overtaking situation. The determination of risk must be made *before* the situation is definitively classified (e.g., as overtaking). * **C) whenever two vessels approach from opposite directions:** Vessels approaching from opposite directions are in a head-on situation (Rule 14), which is dangerous and requires action. However, vessels approaching from opposite directions only pose a risk of collision if they are likely to meet. If they are well separated laterally, the risk as defined by Rule 7 (D) does not necessarily exist.