Question 2 GLI08 - Limited OUPV

The Correct Answer is B **Explanation for B (Correct Answer):** Option B, "When action by the give-way vessel alone will not prevent a collision," is the correct answer because it directly reflects the requirements of Rule 17(b) of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), which applies to both International and Inland waters (as specified in the question). Rule 17(a)(ii) establishes that the stand-on vessel must maintain course and speed. However, Rule 17(b) dictates that the stand-on vessel *may* take action to avoid collision as soon as it becomes apparent that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action. Crucially, Rule 17(b) is immediately followed by Rule 17(c), which states: **"When, from any cause, the stand-on vessel finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision."** This shifts the stand-on vessel's responsibility from *may* (Rule 17(b)) to *shall* (Rule 17(c)), making the moment described in option B the mandatory point of action. **Explanation of Incorrect Options:** **A) When the bearing to give-way vessel becomes steady:** This situation indicates that a risk of collision exists (Rule 7), which obligates the stand-on vessel to monitor the situation, but it does not dictate when the stand-on vessel *must* take action. The stand-on vessel must first wait for the Rule 17 requirements to be met. **C) When the vessels become less than 1/2 mile apart:** There is no specific distance defined in the COLREGs that automatically mandates the stand-on vessel to take action. The need for action is determined by the dynamic proximity and the perceived failure of the give-way vessel, not a fixed distance. **D) When a risk of collision exists:** A risk of collision (Rule 7) obligates all vessels to determine the risk and follow the applicable rules (like Rule 15 for crossing), but under Rule 17(a)(ii), the stand-on vessel must initially *maintain* course and speed. Taking action merely because a risk of collision exists would violate the primary duty of the stand-on vessel. Action is only mandated when the give-way vessel fails to fulfill its duty and collision becomes inevitable without stand-on vessel intervention (Rule 17(c)).