Question 9 GLI07 - OUPV

The Correct Answer is D **Explanation for Option D (Both vessels alter course to starboard):** Option D is correct because it directly follows Rule 14 (Head-on Situation) of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) and the corresponding Inland Rules. Rule 14(a) states: "When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each may pass on the port side of the other." This rule mandates that in a head-on situation, both vessels are the stand-on vessel and both are the burdened vessel simultaneously, meaning both vessels have an active duty to take avoiding action (altering course to starboard) to ensure a safe port-to-port passing. **Explanation of Incorrect Options:** **A) Sound at least five short and rapid blasts:** This signal (the danger or doubt signal) is used when a vessel doubts the intentions of another vessel or believes the action taken is insufficient to avoid a collision (Rule 34(d)). While this may be used *after* or *in conjunction with* taking action, it is not the required initial action for a standard head-on meeting situation; the required action is altering course to starboard. **B) Back down:** Backing down (reversing the engines) is a drastic action involving a significant reduction of speed or stopping the vessel. While sometimes used in close-quarters situations, it is generally preferred to maintain steerageway and alter course drastically (a positive, readily apparent action) to avoid collision, rather than slowing down, which may complicate the maneuvering decision for the other vessel. **C) Both vessels shall stop their engines:** Stopping engines is not the primary required action. Rule 8 (Action to Avoid Collision) generally prioritizes a large and timely alteration of course and/or speed. Stopping engines eliminates steerageway and may prevent effective maneuvering. The required action for a head-on situation is explicitly defined as altering course to starboard (Rule 14).