Question 8 GLI07 - OUPV

The Correct Answer is A **Explanation for Option A (Two power-driven vessels meeting head-on):** Option A is correct according to Rule 14 (Head-on situation). This rule explicitly mandates that when two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision, **each shall alter her course to starboard** so that each may pass on the port side of the other. Since both vessels are required to alter course simultaneously, this is the situation where the Rules require both vessels to change course. **Why the other options are incorrect:** * **Option B (Two power-driven vessels crossing when it is apparent to the stand-on vessel that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action):** This describes an application of Rule 17 (Action by stand-on vessel), specifically Rule 17(b). While the stand-on vessel is now permitted or required to take action, the initial requirement of the situation (Rule 15) is that only the **give-way vessel** (the vessel which has the other to starboard) is required to alter course and keep clear. Although both vessels may eventually take action, the Rules only **require** both vessels to change course simultaneously in the head-on situation (Option A), not in the crossing situation unless the stand-on vessel enters the mandatory "take action" phase of 17(b) (which happens *after* the initial requirements of the crossing rule). The primary requirement remains for the stand-on vessel to hold course and speed initially. * **Option C (Two sailing vessels crossing with the wind on the same side):** This situation is governed by Rule 12 (Sailing Vessels). When two sailing vessels have the wind on the same side, the vessel that is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel that is to leeward. Only **one vessel** (the windward vessel) is required to change course; the leeward vessel is the stand-on vessel. * **Option D (All of the above):** Since options B and C are incorrect, this option must also be incorrect.