Question 21 GLI06 - Master or Mate of LT 100 GRT

The Correct Answer is C 1. **Explanation for Option C (Correct):** This requirement is explicitly stated in Rule 8(d) of the COLREGs (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea), which applies to both International and Inland waters (as the Inland Rules generally mirror the International Rules for maneuvers). Rule 8(d) states: "Action taken to avoid collision shall be positive, shall be made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of the good seamanship, and, if necessary, shall involve an alteration of course and/or speed." Crucially, it continues: **"...and shall be such as not to result in another close-quarters situation."** This makes option C a mandatory criterion for all collision avoidance actions when sufficient sea room exists. 2. **Explanation of Incorrect Options:** * **A) include a speed change:** While Rule 8(b) states that if there is sufficient time, large alterations of course and/or speed are the most effective means, a speed change is not always required. A substantial alteration of course alone may be sufficient and the preferred action, especially if maintaining steerageway is critical or the sea room is wide open. Therefore, the action must involve an alteration of course **and/or** speed, not necessarily both or just a speed change. * **B) be accompanied by sound signals:** Sound signals (whistle blasts) are only required when the maneuvering vessel is changing course or speed and is **in sight of another vessel** and the maneuver is relevant to the close-quarters situation. The requirement to use sound signals is tied to the *execution* of specific maneuvers (Rule 34), but the *action taken to avoid collision* itself (Rule 8) does not mandate sound signals be part of every avoidance maneuver. For example, a small, early course correction taken in ample time might meet the requirements of Rule 8 without necessitating a blast, especially if the situation is not yet critical. (Note: Inland Rules often require signals sooner than International Rules, but even under Inland Rules, signals are tied to the change in course/speed, not inherently to the decision to act under Rule 8). * **D) All of the above:** Since options A and B are not universally mandatory requirements for *every* avoidance action, option D is incorrect.