Question 9 FCP01 - First Class Pilot

The Correct Answer is D **Explanation for Option D (Both vessels alter course to starboard):** This situation is governed by Rule 14 (Head-on Situation) of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), which applies to both international and inland waters (often incorporated by reference or through similar domestic rules). Rule 14(a) states: "When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision, **each shall alter her course to starboard** so that each shall pass on the port side of the other." This maneuver is the mandatory action required to safely resolve a head-on meeting situation. **Explanation of why other options are incorrect:** * **A) Sound at least five short and rapid blasts:** This signal (the danger signal) is used to indicate doubt or that the vessel taking the signal does not understand or disagrees with the intentions of the other vessel. It does not constitute the required action for collision avoidance in a head-on situation; the action is altering course to starboard. * **B) Back down:** Reversing or "backing down" (using astern propulsion) is an action to reduce speed or stop. While Rule 8 requires action to be "positive," Rule 14 specifies the required action in a head-on situation is altering course to starboard, not backing down. Backing down could confuse the other vessel or impede the required passing maneuver. * **C) Both vessels shall stop their engines:** Stopping the engines is a way to maintain position or reduce speed but is generally inadequate as the sole action to resolve a risk of collision in open water. Rule 14 demands a clear course alteration (to starboard) to ensure a safe passing and clarify intent.