Question 329Safety & Environmental - 1st Asst/Chief
70% to passAs chief engineer you should understand the fundamental principles of ship construction and theory and factors affecting trim and stability, including the concept of loll and its cause. An angle of loll is commonly caused by which of the following conditions?
AA negative GM.
BAn off-center weight.
CFree surface with G remaining below M.
DHigh external force such as wind and current.
AI Explanation
The correct answer is A) A negative GM. A negative GM (metacentric height) is the primary cause of an angle of loll. When a vessel has a negative GM, the metacenter (M) is below the center of gravity (G), resulting in an unstable equilibrium. This causes the vessel to take on an angle of loll, where it lists to one side and remains in that position. The other options are not the direct causes of an angle of loll - an off-center weight (B) affects trim but not necessarily loll, free surface with G remaining below M (C) describes a different stability issue, and high external forces (D) can cause a vessel to heel but not necessarily result in a persistent angle of loll.
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