Question 33 RVR03 - Mate of LT 500-1600 GRT

The Correct Answer is D **Explanation for Option D ("All of the above"):** Option D is correct because all three listed scenarios (A, B, and C) represent conditions under which a risk of collision is deemed to exist, according to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), specifically Rule 7 (Risk of Collision). These rules apply equally to international and inland waters (though inland rules may have slight modifications, the core principles of determining risk are the same). **Explanation of individual options confirming the risk of collision:** * **A) even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a vessel at close range:** While a steady bearing is the primary indicator of risk, Rule 7(c) states that risk may sometimes exist *even* when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a vessel at close range. The close proximity negates the perceived safety of the bearing change due to the speed at which the geometry can change. * **B) if you observe both sidelights of a vessel ahead for an extended period of time:** Observing both sidelights (red and green) means you are looking directly at the bow of the vessel. If this persists for an extended period, it indicates the vessel is heading directly toward you, which is a clear and immediate risk of collision (head-on situation). * **C) if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does NOT appreciably change:** This is the primary and most important indicator of a risk of collision, as defined in Rule 7(a)(i). A constant (non-changing) compass bearing means the vessels are on a collision course. Since A, B, and C all describe situations recognized by navigational rules as constituting a risk of collision, "All of the above" (D) is the correct choice. **Why the other options are incorrect (as standalone answers):** Options A, B, and C are not incorrect statements in themselves; they are factually correct statements regarding situations where a risk of collision exists. However, they are incorrect as the *sole* answer because they exclude the other two situations that also pose a risk. If the question asks under what circumstances risk exists, and multiple correct circumstances are listed, the comprehensive option (D) must be selected.