Question 8 ONC07 - OUPV-Near Coastal

The Correct Answer is A. **Explanation of Option A (Two power-driven vessels meeting head-on):** Option A describes a meeting situation governed by Rule 14 (Risk of Collision, applies to both International and Inland Rules). Rule 14(a) states that when two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision, **each shall alter her course to starboard** so that each may pass on the port side of the other. Since the rule explicitly requires **both vessels** to alter course simultaneously (i.e., change course to starboard), this is the situation where the Rules require both vessels to change course. **Why the other options are incorrect:** * **Option B (Two power-driven vessels crossing when it is apparent to the stand-on vessel that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action):** This situation involves a stand-on vessel and a give-way vessel (governed by Rule 15 and Rule 17). Normally, only the give-way vessel is required to change course initially (Rule 15 and 16). The stand-on vessel's requirement to act is triggered only under Rule 17(b) (Action by Stand-on Vessel) when it becomes apparent that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action. Even when the stand-on vessel acts under Rule 17(b), the give-way vessel is still required by Rule 17(d) to continue to take the required action. However, the Rules do not *require* both vessels to change course simultaneously from the outset. Crucially, the initial requirement is asymmetrical (one gives way, one stands on). This option describes a late stage where the stand-on vessel is forced to act, but it is not a situation where the Rules mandate that *both* vessels change course as a primary, immediate requirement for that specific encounter type, unlike the head-on rule. * **Option C (Two sailing vessels crossing with the wind on the same side):** This situation is governed by Rule 12 (Sailing Vessels). When two sailing vessels have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward (Rule 12(a)(i)). This is a "give-way/stand-on" scenario. Only the vessel to windward is required to change course; the vessel to leeward is the stand-on vessel and must maintain course and speed until collision is imminent. This does not require both vessels to change course. * **Option D (All of the above):** Since options B and C are incorrect, option D cannot be correct.