Question 8 ONC06 - Master LT 100 GRT

The Correct Answer is A. **Explanation for A (Two power-driven vessels meeting head-on):** Option A refers to Rule 14 (Head-on situation). This rule explicitly requires both power-driven vessels, when meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision, to alter their course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other. Therefore, the Rules mandate that **both** vessels must change course. **Explanation for B (Two power-driven vessels crossing when it is apparent to the stand-on vessel that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action):** This scenario is covered by Rule 17 (Action by Stand-on Vessel). Initially, only the give-way vessel is required to take action (Rule 15). The stand-on vessel is only permitted to take action (a secondary obligation) to avoid collision when it becomes apparent that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action (Rule 17(a)(ii)). The stand-on vessel is only **required** to take action when collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone (Rule 17(b)). While both vessels may ultimately take action, the Rules do not *require* both vessels to change course simultaneously from the outset; the primary burden is on the give-way vessel, and the stand-on vessel only takes action secondarily and defensively. **Explanation for C (Two sailing vessels crossing with the wind on the same side):** This scenario is covered by Rule 12 (Sailing Vessels). When two sailing vessels have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward must keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward. This establishes a clear give-way/stand-on relationship where only the vessel to windward is required to change course (the give-way vessel). **Explanation for D (All of the above):** Since options B and C do not initially require both vessels to change course simultaneously as a primary mandate under the Rules, option D is incorrect.