Question 9 ONC05 - Master or Mate of LT 200 GRT

The Correct Answer is D **Explanation for Option D (Both vessels alter course to starboard):** Option D is correct based on Rule 14 (Head-on situation) of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), which applies to both International and Inland waters (with minor variations in application, but the core maneuver remains the same). Rule 14 states that when two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision, **each shall alter her course to starboard** so that each shall pass on the port side of the other. This established action is the universally recognized and required maneuver for managing a head-on risk of collision, ensuring predictability and safety. **Explanation of Incorrect Options:** **A) Sound at least five short and rapid blasts:** This signal is prescribed by Rule 34(d) as the **danger signal**, used specifically to indicate that the vessel hearing the signal doubts whether sufficient action is being taken by the other vessel to avert collision, or doubts the intentions of the other vessel. It is a warning signal, not the required maneuver for the initial head-on situation; the action required is turning to starboard. **B) Back down:** While backing down (reversing the engines) is a potential emergency action used to reduce speed or stop, it is generally considered a drastic maneuver and is **not** the primary required action when meeting head-on. The required action is a course change (altering to starboard) as per Rule 14, paired with maintaining appropriate speed. **C) Both vessels shall stop their engines:** While Rule 19 (Restricted Visibility) or Rule 8 (Action to Avoid Collision) may require reducing speed or stopping engines in certain circumstances (especially if collision is imminent or visibility is restricted), it is not the *required* action for the standard head-on meeting situation under Rule 14. A clear, decisive course change (turning to starboard) is mandated to resolve the risk of collision.