Question 21 ONC03 - Master LT 500-1600 GRT

The Correct Answer is C 1. **Why option C ("not result in another close-quarters situation") is correct:** This principle is explicitly mandated by Rule 8(b) of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), which applies to both International and Inland waters (as Inland Rules mirror or reference this requirement). Rule 8(b) states that "Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances permit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel... and shall be made in ample time. **The action taken shall be such as not to result in another close-quarters situation.**" This establishes a critical requirement for any maneuver to avoid collision. 2. **Why the other options are incorrect:** * **A) include a speed change:** While changes in speed are often very effective (Rule 8(c) encourages them), the rule specifies that action taken can be an alteration of course **and/or** speed. An alteration of course alone, provided it is substantial and made in time, is often sufficient and compliant with the Rules. Therefore, a speed change is not mandatory. * **B) be accompanied by sound signals:** Sound signals (whistle blasts) are required only when certain specific maneuvers are executed (e.g., altering course to port/starboard, operating astern propulsion, or restricted visibility). If a vessel alters course to starboard in a meeting or crossing situation in International waters, no sound signal is required unless she is taking action in a narrow channel. In Inland waters, signals are often mandatory for course changes, but since the prompt applies to *both* International and Inland waters, and sound signals are not required for *every* action taken to avoid collision under the International Rules (COLREGs), this statement is too broad and therefore incorrect as an absolute requirement.