Question 21 GLI05 - Master or Mate of LT 200 GRT

The Correct Answer is C 1. **Explanation for Option C being correct:** This principle is a fundamental requirement outlined in Rule 8(d) of both the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) and the Inland Rules. Rule 8 (Action to avoid collision) states that: "Action taken to avoid collision shall be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship... (d) Action taken to avoid collision shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear." By implication and interpretation—and specifically taught within seamanship practice—any maneuver must not immediately create a new collision risk or result in a subsequent close-quarters situation with the same or another vessel. Therefore, ensuring the action does **not** result in another close-quarters situation is a mandatory aspect of safe and effective collision avoidance. 2. **Why the other options are incorrect:** * **A) include a speed change:** This is incorrect. While altering speed (either increasing or decreasing) is one highly effective method of avoiding collision (Rule 8(b)), the rule only requires the action to be "positive" and "made in ample time." Often, a course change alone (a large and unambiguous course change, per Rule 8(b)) is sufficient and the preferred action, especially in clear visibility and ample sea room. A speed change is not always required. * **B) be accompanied by sound signals:** This is incorrect. Sound signals are generally required to accompany actions when they involve maneuvers that might confuse other vessels (e.g., changes of course or propulsion changes when vessels are in sight of one another and nearing a collision risk, specifically covered in Rule 34). However, many avoidance actions—such as a positive and timely course change in open water—do not *mandate* a sound signal if there is no immediate risk of collision or confusion, or if the action is taken early enough when the vessels are still far apart. The requirement to use sound signals depends entirely on the specific circumstance (e.g., restricted visibility, overtaking, maneuvering in a narrow channel, or specific intentions like port-to-port passing), not automatically every time action is taken to avoid collision. * **D) All of the above:** Since options A and B are incorrect, this option cannot be correct.