Question 8 GLI01 - Master-Unlimited Tonnage

The Correct Answer is A **Explanation for Option A (Two power-driven vessels meeting head-on):** Option A is correct according to Rule 14 (Head-on situation) of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) and the Inland Rules. When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision, **each vessel must alter her course to starboard** so that each may pass on the port side of the other. Since both vessels are required to change course, this situation mandates both vessels to alter their heading. **Why Options B, C, and D are incorrect:** * **Option B (Two power-driven vessels crossing when it is apparent to the stand-on vessel that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action):** This describes a situation under Rule 15 (Crossing situation) and Rule 17 (Action by Stand-on Vessel). Initially, only the give-way vessel (Rule 15) is required to take action. The stand-on vessel is required to maintain course and speed (Rule 17(a)(i)). The stand-on vessel is permitted (Rule 17(b)) and later required (Rule 17(a)(ii) – when collision cannot be avoided by the give-way vessel's action alone) to take action. However, the initial primary requirement is for the **give-way vessel** to act. The stand-on vessel only acts secondarily, if necessary, to avoid collision. This situation does not initially require *both* vessels to change course simultaneously, as the head-on situation (A) does. * **Option C (Two sailing vessels crossing with the wind on the same side):** This is governed by Rule 12 (Sailing Vessels). When two sailing vessels have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward. This establishes a stand-on/give-way relationship, meaning **only the vessel to windward** is required to initially change course. * **Option D (All of the above):** Since options B and C do not initially require both vessels to change course, this option is incorrect.